![]() ![]() gbpB mediates the interaction between the cell surface and glucan, while spaP plays a role in saliva-mediated aggregation and initial attachment to tooth surfaces. gbpB and spaP is also a factor that affects cell adhesion. vicR encodes putative histidine kinase, which regulates expression of gbpB, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD. Gtfs can catalyze sucrose to synthesize EPS and promote the adhesion of S. The molecules commonly could help trigger and regulate the virulence factors, such as Gtfs, vicR, gbpB, relA and spaP etc. Some genes and relative protein expression presented significant different profiles when the planktonic cells transform to the biofilm cells. Lots of studies indicated the biofilm cells exhibited over 1000-fold tolerant of antibiotics than planktonic cells. The EPS acts as a basal framework for the oral biofilm structure. mutans to assemble the insoluble exopolysaccharide (EPS) to form biofilms is marked as one of the most important dental virulence properties. Īs an obligate human pathogen in dental caries, the ability of S. To form biofilm, produce acids and adhere to the enamel surface are recognized as virulence factors for dental caries. Meanwhile, the sucrose metabolism subsequently leads the inner film's local acids secretion and accumulation to cause tooth enamel dissolution, decalcification, cavitation, and breakdown of the calcified dental tissue finally. mutans cell propagation, cellular aggregation, biofilm formation and promote the film adherence by hydrophobic bonds to the enamel surface. Dietary carbohydrates, especially sucrose could accelerate S. The occurrence of dental caries is mainly associated with oral microbial pathogens, especially Streptococcus mutans ( S. However, incidences of dental caries and oral diseases persist due to the increase in the availability of sugary foods, the change in diets and longer life expectancies. Although dental caries is less prevalent than it was in previous decades due to better oral hygiene of the global population and the addition of fluoride compounds into most toothpaste formulations. It may cause irreparable destruction to the tooth enamel and cause difficulty with food intake as well as great distress if left untreated. Thymus essential oil could be used in oral healthcare products as a potential anti-caries ingredient.ĭental caries is the most widespread and noncommunicable disease (NCD), and one of the main reasons for the hospitalization of children in some high-income countries. And phenolic compounds, such as carvacrol and thymol, are the major active components. mutans depending on their composition and concentration. Thymus essential oil showed significant inhibition against the growth and pathogenesis of S. Molecular docking between the Thymus essential oil components and virulence proteins also found that carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong binding affinity with functional domains of virulence genes. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic components, such as carvacrol and thymol, were positively related to DIZ value, which suggests that they are the potential antimicrobial components. mutans and the expression of virulence genes, such as brpA, gbpB, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, vicR, spaP and relA. The 3 Thymus essential oil exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on acid production, adherence and biofilm formation of S. MIC and MBC analysis showed that 3 Thymus essential oils showed very sensitive antimicrobial activity, and were chosen for further analysis. GC–MS analysis showed that the major components in the 6 Spain Thymus essential oils were linalool, α-terpineol, p-cymene, thymol and carvacrol. Potential active components of the Thymus essential oil were identified using molecular docking and correlation analysis. And its antibacterial effect was evaluated based on the bacterial growth, acid production, biofilm formation and genetic expression of virulence factors by S. The composition of Thymus essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. mutans, to identify the potential active components, and to reveal the underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 6 Thymus species (Three samples of Thymus vulgaris, two samples of Thymus zygis, and one sample of Thymus satureioides essential oils) on S. However, details about the active compounds in Thymus essential oil and the inhibition mechanism still remain unclear. Thymus essential oils exhibit good inhibition on the growth and pathogenesis of S. Many studies have been directed to discover the chemical compounds present in natural products to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation activity of S. Streptococcus mutans is a well-known oral pathogen that plays a critical role in the development of dental caries. ![]()
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